Basic Structure of Your Paper
Your paper should include an introductory paragraph(s), a body expressing your main points and a concluding paragraph(s) that summarizes your point.
- Develop your first paragraph(s) so that your introduction ends with your thesis statement.
- Clearly introduce and explain the main points from your outline. Insert information from your sources, being careful to cite each source
whether the information is a direct quotation or a summary. Use direct quotes, set off in quotation marks, sparingly. - Restate your thesis in your concluding paragraph. Expand your ideas, and make connections for larger ideas or trends.
Consult a citation style manual or online guide for specific instructions on how to cite your sources. It is common practice to insert a parenthetical note. For example, if you are referring to an article written by Tim Johnson written in 1999, then insert (Johnson, 1999) after the text that refers to the article. The parenthetical citation should come at the end of the sentence in which you have included the quote or summary. Remember to include complete information on this source in your Bibliography or Works Cited list.
Citation Formatting Tools
- Use EndNote Web to collect, manage, and create a bibliography or works cited list from your citations.
See Managing Citations Using EndNote Web for more information. - EasyBib - MLA style bibliography composer
- Son of Citation Machine - MLA, APA, Chicago and Turabian citation style composer
APA Style
- Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (print version)
- Sample Style Sheet for APA Bibliographic Citatons (PDF) by Dr. Karin Durán
- Sample APA-Style Annotated Bibliography (PDF) by Dr. Karin Durán
- APA Style Guide (PDF) by Eric Garcia
- APA - Frequently Asked Questions
- Electronic Reference Formats Recommended by the American Psychological Association.
- APA Style Resources
MLA Style
- MLA handbook for writers of research papers (print version)
- MLA Style - Quick Guide by Eric Garcia
- Sample MLA-Style Annotated Bibliography (PDF) by Dr. Karin Durán
- MLA Style Guide (PDF) by Eric Garcia
- MLA - Frequently Asked Questions
- EasyBib MLA style bibliography composer
Other Styles
- Chicago Manual of Style Online
- Brief Citation Guide for Internet Resources based on Turabian's principles.
- The Chicago Manual of Style (print version)
- Scientific style and format: the CSE manual for authors, editors, and publishers (print version)
- The ACS style guide: effective communication of scientific information (print version)
- AIP Style Manual: online or print
- American Sociological Association Style Guide (print version)
- American Anthropology Association citation style guide

