Sources covering the entire United States
Search for Public Schools (National Center for Education Statistics). Search by Zip Code to identify community schools, then view the data available on each school and its students.
American Factfinder (Census Bureau). Population and housing data from Census 2010 searchable by zip code. Educational attainment and language spoken at home data is in Summary File 3 (SF3).
Sources covering California only
Rand California (Oviatt Library subscription). Includes the following, many of which are based on data from government sources available via the California Department of Education (but searchable at that site by school name/district rather than by Zip Code); some data series are more current than others:
Academic Performance Index. Introduced in California public schools in 1999, the Academic Performance Index measures the academic performance and progress of individual schools and establishes growth targets for future academic improvement. For older data, see also Public High School Performance Statistics, which reports the number of student dropouts, college attendance, courses taken and completion rates at high schools in California.
Enrollment Statistics. Reports the number of enrolled students at a specified grade level by district and school in California.
English Learner Statistics. Reports the number of enrolled students with limited English proficiency by language and grade level for counties, schools, and school districts in California.
Summary Standardized Testing and Reporting Program Statistics.
Public School SAT Scores Reports SAT and ACT test scores by ethnicity and gender for schools and school districts in California.
School District Demographic Statistics. Reports class size, staffing, and pupil-teacher ratio for California's schools by county or Zip Code.
Schools Computer and Internet Access Statistics. Reports on the availability of computers and Internet access in California's schools, school districts and counties.
English Learner Students Redesignated as Fluent-English Proficient Statistics. Reports student transition from limited English language skills to fluent English for California's schools and school districts.
Fluent English Proficiency Statistics. Data on fluency in English for students in California schools.
Teacher Demographic Statistics. Reports number, average age, gender, degrees, and race of California teachers by county, school, and school district.